![]() This is a nerve disorder that results in the loss or impaired function of the tissues affecting nerve fibres. Once the wound is closed with staples or sutures, the scarring in minimal.Įxamples are gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or abrasions. On occasion, wounds are left open (covered by a sterile dressing) to allow an infection or inflammation to subside. Healing by tertiary intention is the intentional delay in closing a wound. Examples of wounds healing by secondary intention include severe lacerations or massive surgical interventions. In this type of wound, there is a loss of skin, and granulation tissue fills the area left open. Healing is slow, which places the patient at risk for infection. The healing time for a surgical wound is usually short, depending on the surgery.Ī surgical wound left open to heal by scar formation is a wound healed by secondary intention. Primary intention is where the edges are sutured or stapled closed, and the wound heals quickly with minimal tissue loss. Healing occurs by primary, secondary, or tertiary intention. Table 4.2 lists the six main types of wounds. Examples of chronic wounds include venous and arterial ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Examples of acute wounds include a surgical incision or a traumatic wound (e.g., a gunshot wound). Wounds are classified as acute (healing occurs in a short time frame without complications) or chronic (healing occurs over weeks to years, and treatment is usually complex). To determine how to treat a wound, consider the etiology, amount of exudate, and available products to plan appropriate treatment. Contraction: the wound begins to reduce in sizeĬollagen continues to strengthen the wound, and the wound becomes a scar.ĭata source: British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee, 2011 Perry et al., 2014įigure 4.1 Phases of wound healing Types of Wounds.Collagen formation: this provides strength and integrity to the wound.New capillaries: angiogenesis occurs to bring oxygen and nutrients to the wound.Epithelialization: new epidermis and granulation tissue are developed.Macrophages (another type of white blood cell) work to regulate the cleanup.įour important processes occur in this phase: This process is seen as edema, erythema, and exudate. Vasodilation occurs, allowing plasma and leukocytes (white blood cells) into the wound to start cleaning the wound bed. Platelets release growth factors, which alert various cells to start the repair process at the wound location. Clot formation blocks the bleeding and acts as a barrier to prevent bacterial contamination. Table 4.1 Phases of Wound Healing for Full Thickness Woundsīlood vessels constrict and clotting factors are activated. ![]() These four phases must occur in correct sequence and in a correct time frame to allow the layers of the skin to heal (see Figure 4.1). There are four distinct phases of wound healing. Normal wound healing is profoundly influenced by the type of injury and by factors about the wound (intrinsic) and within the patient (extrinsic) (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014). Since damage to the body’s tissue is common, the body is well adapted to utilizing mechanisms of repair and defence to elicit the healing process. Wound healing is a dynamic process of restoring the anatomic function of living tissue.
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